The Atom

Atoms (which means indivisible) which came from the Greeks. As many know, the Greeks weren't very bright, despite how they are admired in history books. They just weren't able to grasp the teachings of their Moorish teachers. Anyway, atoms are composed of the subatomic particles which we previously discussed: Electrons, Protons, and Electrons. Which can be read Here

*This entire table is composed of atoms

When they come together in different combinations they create atoms/elements. A good example of this is carbon:

Notice how you can see it has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons? This is only one example of how this happens. And this is carbon in it's natural and neutral state (because the number of electrons and protons are equal).

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When an atom loses an election it has a positive charge because it has more protons than electrons now (called an anion) or gains and electron and has a negative charge, because there is more electrons than protons (called a cation). These are both collectively called ions (from Latin and means "to go" or "going").

When an atom transfers an electron to another atom, one becomes positively charged (has more protons that electrons) and the other is negatively charged (has more electrons than protons). They are now both ions (going). And where are they going? Towards each other ('opposites attract).

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As in the carbon example above, notice it has 4 electrons in the outer circle? That's called a valence shell (comes from Latin word valentia= power). When to atoms share their valence shell it's called a covalent bond (co=shared + valence= power, i.e. Shared power)

As you can see. when Oxygen shares its valence (power) shell with 2 Hydrogen atoms you have H2O (AKA water) which is now classified as a molecule (more than 1 atom coming together).

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