Molecules

Alright! I know it's been a journey learning all these terms especially if you're new to all of this. I hope I've done a great job so far on making it all more easy to digest. Today, we are going to be talking about Molecules. Molecules (literally means 'small mass') come in many different forms. Molecules are classified as when 2 or more atoms come together via covalent bond. Please read this previous article to catch up on Atoms and Bonds Here.

Some examples are: Carboxylic Acids (Misnamed Amino Acids), Lipids (Waxes, fats, and oils) & hormones, gases such as: Ozone (O3) and Methane, Salts, Saccharides (Sugars), and even water (H2O).

Here are some simple molecules. Notice how they only have a few atoms:

As they get bigger they are called different things such as Monomers, Polymers, and Isomers. Lets break it down!

Monomer : Mono = One + Mer = Part. Thus translates to "one part molecule"

Polymer: Poly = Many + Mer= Part. Thus translates to "molecule of many parts"

As you can see, the Monosaccharide (Saccharide = Sugar), which is a simple sugar and a carbohydrate, in this case, a polysaccharide, which is a complex sugar (AKA a starch) is but a compounded form of it's more simpler form; a one molecule sugar (a monosaccharide). The same is with Fatty Acids that build up to become lipids (fats, oils, waxes), nucleotides that become Nucleic Acid DNA/RNA and Amino Acids that build up to become Proteins.

We will go more into each of these in detail as well at a later date.

Isomer: Iso = Same + Mer = Part. Thus translates to "Molecule with the same parts"

Isomers are molecules that are made up of a single element/atom and form different allotropes (allo = different + Trope = way/manner). A good example of this carbon based allotropes such as graphite and diamond. Take a look at the picture below:

See all of the little black dots from graphite and diamond? Those are carbon atoms. These 2 structures are made up solely of Carbon atoms and nothing else. So they are the Same (Iso) make up, but have a different (allo) structure.

More complex examples of molecules are:

Vitamin D3 (A Hormone with many functions) Glucose (A Simple Sugar)

Citrulline (An Amino Acid found in Watermelon)

In fact all Amino Acids are classified as molecules. This is important as we move forward!

Again, Don't let the technical stuff frustrate you. The purpose here is to get you familiar with the structure of matter and thus the human body on a very simplified level; so that when you hear these words being thrown around, you know exactly what they mean. So remember, think of Sub atomic particles as letters, atoms as words, and molecules as sentences. They are just smaller units stacking on each other to create a bigger structure. We will go more into these things at a later date, but we are first going to build the puzzle from the outside and work our way inward, which makes the process so much more enjoyable. ^_^

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